Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Gate Tower

Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Gate Tower

Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance

Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance

The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji

The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji

The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji

The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji

Burj as-Saʿa, upper part of the entrance

Burj as-Saʿa, upper part of the entrance

Burj as-Saʿa, inscription

Burj as-Saʿa, inscription

Burj as-Saʿa, spouts of the Qastal

Burj as-Saʿa, spouts of the Qastal

Burj as-Saʿa, qastal window

Burj as-Saʿa, qastal window

The minaret of Balis Mosque, rebuilt near Maskana

The minaret of Balis Mosque, rebuilt near Maskana

One of the towers of Shayzar Castle

One of the towers of Shayzar Castle

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century

Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

One of the square towers of Masyaf Castle

One of the square towers of Masyaf Castle

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Aleppo: Khan al-Wazir, 17th C., interior facade

Aleppo: Khan al-Wazir, 17th C., interior facade

A group of doves in the old city of Aleppo

A group of doves in the old city of Aleppo

Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall, door of the khatib (orator) room

Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall, door of the khatib (orator) room

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard with fountains, minaret, northern and western arcades

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard with fountains, minaret, northern and western arcades

Dome houses in a village in Aleppo countryside

Dome houses in a village in Aleppo countryside

Aleppo countryside, Dome houses

Aleppo countryside, Dome houses

Deserted houses in Jabal al-Hus south of Aleppo

Deserted houses in Jabal al-Hus south of Aleppo

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a2_Close-up view of ornamental medallion/ window

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

The towers of the outer wall of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

The towers of the outer wall of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Madrasat al-Firdaws, back iwan

Madrasat al-Firdaws, back iwan

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Previous state, inscription in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a3_Close-up view of inscription

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque